Medicine and Skilled Care Pharmacy Essay

I. Statement of the problem How can Skilled Care Pharmacy improve their strategy from the rapidly evolving financial structure of health care, constant evolution of medical practice, employee retention and shortage of licensed pharmacy personnel? II. Objectives * To retain employees. * To identify ways to keep up with the constant evolution of medical practice. * To address the shortage of pharmacist personnel in the company. III. SWOT analysis IV. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide incentives and enhance benefits for employees to be able to achieve employee retention. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy could widen their search for pharmacist personnel from different countries. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide seminars and trainings to keep up with new medical techniques and practices. Advantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to retain much of their employees and prevent employee turnover. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to address the shortage of pharmaceutical personnel within the organization. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be guaranteed of their employee’s  capabilities and skills with regards to the ever changing medical practice. Disadvantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Additional costs would be incurred for enhanced benefits or additional incentives given to regular employees. 2. Other pharmacists hired from overseas may not be as competitive with the usual pharmacists. 3. Additional cost would be acquired because of additional trainings and seminars for the company. V. Recommendation Follow all alternative courses of action to be able to keep up with certain changes in the company.

Character Analysis of Robert Lebrun Essay

Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† examines the implications placed on women for self expression during the 1800’s. Banned for several years by critics after its initial publication in 1899 because of its unsettling content, â€Å"The Awakening† later became a most cherished account of a woman’s journey towards self-discovery and abandonment of her conventional society. Kester-Shelton) Within that story is where we meet Robert LeBrun, A young, flirtatious and confident womanizer with a reputation to match and it is within this paper, that we will analyze the influential character of Robert LeBrun who without control, falls in a forbidden love affair with the protagonist, Edna Pontellier. Robert, a younger man with immature tendencies, clean shaven face, yellowish-brown hair, and quick bright eyes maintains a reputation for floating in between different older women every summer. Eventually his affectionate nature catches the attention of Mrs. Edna Pontellier, triggering her to go through a series of epiphanies or so-called awakenings where she begins the struggle between the woman her society expects her to be and the independent, self-governing woman she craves. Robert, sifting his way in between dynamic and static characteristics, plays a significant role in those epiphanies because what begins as an innocent friendship turns into a forbidden love affair where Robert shows Edna a kind of love she had never seen from any other man, even in her own marriage to Mr. Pontellier. Even though Robert did possess such a reputation of being a womanizer he really does harbor true feelings of love for Edna. This is seen in the comparison of Robert’s feelings for Edna versus her close friend, Madame Ratignolle. â€Å" Meanwhile Robert, addressing Mrs. Pontellier, continued to tell one of his onetime hopeless passion for Madame Ratignolle;†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"He never assumed the seriocomic tone when alone with Mrs. Pontellier,†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was understood that he had often spoken words of love to Madame Ratignolle, without any thought of being taken seriously. Mrs.  Pontellier was glad he had not assumed a similar role towards herself. It would have been unacceptable and annoying. † (Chopin, page 14-15) This really shows the affection he conceals for Edna because he remains consistent with his portrayal of his feelings rather than with both serious and comic aspects during discussions. Even though throughout his summers of courting older married women, himself nor his intensions are ever taken seriously, even his relationship with Edna starts out innocent when she treats him as if he were a pet, dragging him along with her like a dog. According to Edna he was â€Å"always under her feet like a troublesome dog†. (Chopin, page 26) But as their summer progresses, she falls for Robert and realizes she has her own strength and the power to express herself without her husband and it was Robert that led her to that. Their affair turns into actual love and Edna, along with the readers, begins to picture Robert as physically attractive, charming, and charismatic and sees in him, all the things Edna cannot find in her husband. When Robert realizes his true feelings for Edna, he flees to Mexico in hopes of forgetting about her, and in a moment of weakness he decides that he is not brave enough to follow through on his new found love for Edna and it could never be real because Edna is a mother, and most importantly, a married woman. Robert feels that his leaving will only protect the both of them from acting upon his forbidden love, but this only heightens Edna’s awakening. The shock of Robert’s quick announcement of his departure to Mexico is seen when the news is broken to Edna over a dinner table. As she seated herself and was about to begin to eat her soup, which had been served when she entered the room, several persons informed her simultaneously that Robert was going to Mexico. She laid her spoon down and looked about her bewildered. He had been with her, reading to her all the morning, and had never even mentioned such a place as Mexico. She had not seen him during the afternoon; she ha d heard someone say he was at the house, upstairs with his mother. This she had thought nothing of, though she was surprised when he did not join her later in the afternoon, when she went down to the beach. † (Chopin, page 55) Even though Edna doesn’t spell out her exact feelings, it’s here that you can feel the desperation that takes over her when she learns of Roberts plans to depart from New Orleans. The tenderness of Robert’s character can be further analyzed as Edna’s awakening is beginning; Robert’s love for her soon brings him back to New Orleans, when he realizes he cannot live away from her. He is hiding in a hell of shyness when he returns which is unlike him, but he does in fact, go through with actually telling Edna that he does love her but cannot act on his love because of her marriage. Robert is a practical man, knowing that it is not ethical to take Edna away from her family and husband, but practically takes the form of a masochist when proclaiming his love for her. Throughout the novel, Robert is compared to Alcee Arobin, a character well known as the town’s bad boy who has had numerous sexual encounters with other women, married or not, a comparison that Robert is not fond of. Wayne Batten of the Southern Literary Journal, critiques this comparison in saying, â€Å"Edna, accordingly, could have learned that the fantasies she constructs with Robert Lebrun do not make his attraction fundamentally different from the unembellished lure of Arobin. † (Batten) This is simply saying that Edna mistakenly thought of Arobin’s passion as the same as the love that Robert feels for her. Later in the story, a doctor by the name of Dr.  Mandelet walks Edna home after becoming faint watching Madame Ratignolle go through her fourth round of childbirth, he suspects she has returned her attentions back to Alcee, but as the reader knows, she is about to consummate her long-incubating passion for Robert. (Batten) Robert rejects the idea as Edna quickly tries to explain why consummating their love is not wrong because she is, in fact, her own independent woman. Robert does not have the same passion for Edna and he cannot go through with his feelings for her although his love is so powerful. She buried her face in his neck and said good bye again. Her seductive voice, together with his deep love for her, had enthralled his senses, had deprived him of every impulse but the longing to hold her and keep her. † (Chopin, page 147) This only further proves that although he has such a commanding desire to have Edna in every way, he stands firm in his decision, seeing the impossibility in the situation. As Edna is stuck in a daydream, Robert understands their reality. Robert stands firm in that reality, trying to remain practical about the whole situation. Finally the last we see of Robert LeBrun is in his heartfelt but remorseful flee, only leaving behind a note for Edna that simply states, â€Å"Goodbye because I love you†. (Chopin, page 152) And like a moon that never shows its face, the words are not there, but his underlying message contains his feelings for her and the reasons why he cannot act upon them. This shows a true irony as he says goodbye to her for good, a devastating farewell that sends Edna into the final stage of her â€Å"awakening† with her new found sense of independence and self expression as she gives her body to the sea, committing suicide. Looking back over the storyline we see how significant Robert Lebrun and the way he tried to manage his desire and love for Edna had truly been to the development of both characters. Through the analysis of Robert we learn of his morals and his attempts to remain practical even though he does love Edna and it leads one to wonder if Robert had not loved Edna in the way he did, if she would have found that reckless sense of independence that eventually consumed her, or if Robert would have matured enough to recognize when to walk away from a forbidden love for the betterment of someone else. It goes to show just how one person can awaken your soul to a new perspective and change your life entirely, whether that may be good, bad, or leave you indifferent and we see just that in the story of â€Å"The Awakening† as Edna reaches her final stages of reality and Robert brings her to that just by loving her and allowing her to be herself.

Plastic Pollution

Plastic has been the common materials that is being used on a daily basis. Many objects that made from plastic that can be seen from everyday such as food containers, plastic bag, storage and so many things that even a human being cannot think of it. Plastic’s existence has only just for over a century but because of the versatility of the materials plastics has a significantly increase in their use into all varieties of everyday life. Furthermore, the physical characteristic of plastic itself that are high resistance, durable, cheap and lightweight makes it suitable for production of a wide range of products category (Derraik, 2002).Basically plastics are synthetic organic polymers that are made from various chemical elements that mostly come from natural resources such as crude oil, gas and coal(Derraik, 2002). The raw materials of plastics were formed from ancient plants and animals hundreds of millions years ago. Therefore those raw materials are non-renewable resources th at explained when those resources would not be replaced for a short period of time. As many people use plastic everyday, it will take a more time to break down and as a result the plastic debris litter everywhere and become plastic pollution.As plastic is buoyant, it easily blows from garbage dumps or even flows through river that eventually moves through the sea. According to Australian Marine Conservation Society (2013b), when plastics are in the ocean, it will slowly breaks down in to smaller pieces and being eaten by animals that live at the bottom or even to the birds that flies and eat the floating plastic debris. Causes: Plastic pollution is the environmental problem that has been the issue that discussed by many people because of many causes occurred because of this problem.First, many people or even businesses gain profit from using plastics because of its characteristics that is hard to be substituted with other materials. As mentioned before plastic is non-renewable resou rce and need a long period of time to break down, however people use plastic for mostly everything surrounds them. So it will make availability of the natural resources for raw materials of the plastics decreases significantly and can be resulted a scarcity of resources. Other causes that happened because of plastic pollution is the marine life being threaten of the big amount of plastic that dumps in the ocean.In fact in Australia, AMCS found that 90% of marine debris on Sydney’s beaches is plastic, mostly bottles and straws. And also it emphasizes that Australians approximately buy 600 millions litres of bottled water a year and uses 10 million of plastic bags a day (2013b). Hence, large amounts of plastic are being produced each day and when it becomes litter, plastic can endanger the health of animals and sea life. Once the plastic debris are eaten, plastics are not provide proportionate nutrition through the ingestion of the plastic inside the animals’ body and wi ll result irritation of stomach that lead to death (Moore, 2008).High concentration of floating debris in the ocean brings potential threat to the marine life particularly to sea mammals and seabirds. As seabirds seek food from the ocean, when appears floating debris they might eat mistakenly or starvation that lead them to choke plastic and for certain period of time can endanger to the health of the birds (Edyvane K. S, 2004). According to AMCS, there are around one million seabirds and one hundred thousands marine mammals are killed every year because of plastics throughout the world.They analysed it by checking what inside the animal’s body and found out that, numerous of plastic debris cannot be ingested that killed those unfortunate animals. Furthermore plastic debris such as medical waste, plastic diapers and sanitary waste sometimes also can be seen on the beach that might impact to a public health hazard (Moore, 2008). The reason that plastic debris all over the beac hes is because lack of responsibility of visitor to appropriately throw the rubbish to the bin. Many of people think that plastic is easy to be carried but they are not aware about the impact of using plastic too much.Solutions: There are many potential solutions for the plastic pollution. As plastic is non-renewable resources and damage to the environment during its production and disposal process as well, so the only best way to recover it is reduce the use and the production of plastics. Even though plastics cannot be replaced with any other substitute, however, it is possible to change the raw materials that can be recycled and break down. For instance, many plastic bags for supermarket already change to degradable plastic, which is more environmental friendly.Another solution that are still being developed for reducing plastic pollution for marine life is Container Deposit Scheme that tackle and help take plastic off the plate for marine life (2013a). As can be seen actually th ere are a lot of bins provided in every corner of the street in Australia, but it still will not work because sometimes people do not care about to separate their rubbish into recycle or non-recycle. Therefore Container Deposit Scheme will be a non-profit and work independently of the beverage companies.As many Australian buy innumerable bottles each day, it will increase the price of the drinks by 10 cent and whenever the container is returned to the convenient recycling depot, that amount of money will be refunded. However, if it is not returned, this deposit scheme will continue to recycle and help to clean up the litter including the marine pollution. Stakeholders: Basically, the key stakeholders for this problem to start reducing plastic use, as a human being we should do things differently first. Our attitude to litter rubbish everywhere is should be changed in order to save the environment.So we should be aware of the impact of plastic use for a long time that can damage anim als and also the environment. Australian government has already involved in solving this plastic pollution problem. Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism are the level of government that takes care of this specific problem(2013c). However they also need the involvement of citizen as well because the role of this department is help to give information to the citizen. In Australia, plastic products and packaging are required to marked with plastic identification code that place at the bottom to identify specifically what type of plastic is made from.So from the code itself, the government purposely encourages people to sort out the plastics materials type accordance to the recycle or non-recycle. In addition to the plastic debris in the ocean, Australian Marine Conservatory Society as the organization that influence by educate the public and equipping groups with suitable knowledge and skills to rescue sick and tangled marine animals because of plastic. They are responsible and have interest on marine life that endangered. Conclusion: As conclusion, plastic is spread all over the place because its physical characteristics that makes everybody tend to use for daily products.However, plastic is non-renewable resources that harm environment for long period of time. It happens that on the beach, there is incalculable debris that spread all over the location. Hence, this problem can be solved, when people have initiative to change their attitudes towards plastic. They should be able to separate which are recyclable and non-recyclable. So it will reduce the amount of plastic debris and help to maintain the ecosystem in the ocean as well as keep the population of animals that are endangered because of plastic debris.

Closing case #1 wireless bikes Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Closing #1 wireless bikes - Case Study Example Therefore, technology is able to get right resources to the right place and at the right time (Baltzan, 2014). Hence, the company can comfortably operate in a free environment without being tied to physical location. Providing immediate data Access provides value when mobility permits activities to be conducted at where required. Wireless networks are capable of supporting a broad variety of immediate data access alternatives, from collecting usage data through RFID technologies when driving near a water meter to including complete internet access on mobile device or laptop. The company is able to get a status report as well as other important information on the transaction of the bike. Increasing monitoring and location capability helps in minimizing losses from damage and theft, gathers information from difficulty-to-reach or remote locations, enhances safety as well as makes probable a new wave of customized services. The RFID tags allow the tracking of the bikes from booking to using and returning the bike. LBS devices send storm information from the bike and help in locating it when there is a problem. Improving workflows involves using wireless technology, provides the opportunity for redesigning as well as simplifying those processes for being cheaper, faster, and more responsive. This also helps in eradicating redundant activities, redistribute tasks, and integrate activities and services. The company gets original data as the transactions with bike users go on. Both the user and the company interact freely as well as faster. Providing mobile business opportunities involves offering an advantage of making a purchase through the internet from anywhere, and anytime. In addition, wireless system offers consumers with the capacity to get information as well as order commodities and services faster and with ease employing a mobile device. Providing alternative to wiring occurs as

A policy review of affordable housing in London Essay

A policy review of affordable housing in London - Essay Example Affordable housing policy has over time been the dream for the Londoners to find a sustainable solution to the housing challenges affecting this great city. In 2014 for instance, London housing strategy recognized that there is need to bring together adequate resources to enable London the development of 42,000 houses per year. This aims at virtually doubling the housing delivery for London. The strategy recognizes the need for collaboration between governments, private sector, mayor and boroughs. There is need for a policy framework that promotes support bringing up of surplus public land, as well as in promoting institutional investment to see London deliver the necessary housing.  a) Specific Policies for Boosting Housing SupplyThe London housing strategy under section 3.2 provides for policy reforms to create a flexible market and promote the growth of intermediate housing. The London policies have tremendously changed over time and in 2014, a policy to see increased housing de liveries involved the following (GLA, 2014,): Policy 1: the mayor of London city is expected to work with other partners to deliver the planned target for London which is 42,000 houses per annum. The policy provides for 25,000 market homes; 17,000 affordable homes that people can rent or buy; and 5,000 of the market homes shall be for purpose-built. This will include the long term private rent especially on the schemes which have more than one phase increasing the housing supply for the City.  Ã‚  

Comparison of IFRS and US GAAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparison of IFRS and US GAAP - Essay Example A financial statement must provide details with regard to financial position, changes in position and operations of an enterprise which may be useful for decision making. International Accounting Standards Board is development of International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) created in 1973 with the objective of developing the uniform standards of accounting. IASB and US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) congregated the IFRS and US GAAP in 2002 as part of the Norwalk agreement making their existing financial reporting standards compatible and practicable and coordinating their future work programme to ensure compatibility. The IASB provided two accounting standards for financial reporting frame works like International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) developed by The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP). The US GAAP was acknowledged extensively as the international set of standards to make certain best quality financial statements. This standard was mostly used in the US and also elsewhere, but with the entry of IFRS a debate on the virtual class of both authoritie s has taken place. GAAP is exceptionally comprehensive on what is acceptable and unacceptable. IFRS is used by more than hundred countries as their standard set of guidelines and principles. Still more countries, like Canada and India are projecting to follow IFRS from 2011. This paper is intended for providing some explorative information on the IFRS / US GAAP and also some demarcation and comparison of the two standards of financial reporting. More specifically, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the properties of IFRS versus US GAAP standards of accounting using the accounts of National Grid Plc that is listed both in EU and US Stock Exchange. And most importantly, the paper identifies the difference between the rules and principles of two accounting standards through the accounts of National Grid Plc and its usefulness to various stakeholders of the organization. IFRS and US GAAP - Significant differences in National Grid Plc National Grid is an energy production organization which owns and operates the electricity transmission system in England and US. National Grid distributes gas to 11 million homes and businesses in UK. The company is also engaged in business of wireless infrastructure along with other businesses like National Grid Metering, Onstream, National Grid Grain, property, etc. The main areas of operation of the company are UK and US which was created by the restructuring of UK gas industry in 1986 and electricity industry in 1990 and entered the US market in the year 2000. (www.nationalgrid.com) According to annual report for the year 2005/06, it is revealed that the group has achieved 25% increase in the revenue from 7382m to 9193m. And according to the same reports, operating profits have also increased from 2142m to 2439m (2005/06) which is 14% higher. National Grid has also entered into acquisition and merger with some companies like Keyspan Corporation. The company with its base in US and UK, the countries which adopt two different standards of accounting principles, has to prepare accounts conforming to the rules and regulations of that particular nation. However,

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing plan - Essay Example Mass-marketing approach thus considers the market to be one homogenous market segment. When it comes to Pizza Restaurant, its goods, that are pizza-and other food items, may be with different quality, and services are almost similar in nature and therefore a mass-marketing strategy of segmentation will be more appropriate. The other two major strategies, namely differentiated (target marketing) and concentrated (niche or product differentiated marketing) (Sandhusen, 2008, 298) are not chosen for Pizza restaurant due to that they are more less likely to be appropriate for a service business like restaurant or hotel. Though consumers are segmented based on their preferences, they all visit the restaurant and they are served or food or other products are delivered to them when they are in restaurant, which is very different from all other industries. Answer to Question 2 The food products and dining services that Pizza Restaurant aims to provide to its customers, who are rich hippies fr om Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, will be able to provide excellent quality of taste and a mere satisfaction for their needs and will be branded as a very unique in the market.

The Merchant of Venice Antonio's trial (Act 4) Essay

The Merchant of Venice Antonio's trial (Act 4) - Essay Example s a few impossible tasks like asking the tides not to rise, expecting the wolf to show pity to the ewe and not to devour the lamb, and to expect the firs not to make noise when the wind blows throw them, and then goes on to say that these are easily done as compared to expecting Shylock to be merciful. Shylock answers to the accusation by stating that he is no less merciless than the rest of the so called civilized men present there. He states how these people mistreat their slaves and how none of them would dream of treating them on equal footing with themselves. He then asks why it is that he is expected to forego his â€Å"pound of flesh† when they do not forfeit their slaves. Analyze the factores of argument used and identify these with those that both Shylock used & the lawyer (Portia) used. Consider the key factors as presented in your text book (Beyond feelings by Vicent Ryab Ruggiero 8th edition) - both the positive & negative forms of argument. The arguments that Antonio uses to state why it is useless to expect mercy from Shylock are negative. It is easy to see how he builds the premise to prove that Shylock is heard-hearted. The stated premise here is that impossible things can be achieved more easily than to get Shylock to change his heart. The Conclusion being that Shylock will not change his mind, for he is merciless. When Portia and Shylock argue later on, Portia first of all uses affirmative argument towards showing mercy, which Shylock simply denies by using the negative argument, which is that the law allows him to get the bond enforced, so there is no need for mercy. Portia uses affirmative arguments, whereas Antonio shows negative arguments towards a show of mercy. Portia states why Shylock should be merciful whereas Antonio avers how Shylock would not be merciful. Shylock’s own arguments remain the same, whether he is arguing with Portia or with Antonio. His premise is simple that as he is not required to show mercy under any law,

How do the differences between profit and non-profit organisations Essay

How do the differences between profit and non-profit organisations affect the way in which they should employ budgetary controls - Essay Example Budgetary controls involve regulating the operations of an organization by establishing targets and standards with regard to expenditure and income. This regulation is done to ensure performance of a business institution. It incorporates various methods of applying financial values to financial forecasts in the management of a business organization. These values are usually compared to actual estimates. Irrespective of whether business is profit or non-profit oriented, having budgetary control is essential since it makes sure that the organization realizes success. However, non- profit organizations usually use budgetary control methods that are different from those used by profit oriented business establishments (Kaplan, 2001). Budgetary control methods used by business establishments usually involve management accounting (Lanskroner, 2002). Management accounting refers to the process whereby the management of a business establishment uses accounting information that is provided to them in order to make decisions concerning the future of the company. For companies whose main intention is to realize profits, the accounting information is fundamentally future oriented and not past oriented. The information is also model based and not case based. The information is also intended for managers and not the company’s stakeholders. This type of accounting is done on request by managers, and it is usually treated with a lot of confidentiality. In profitable organizations, the objectives of budgetary control are: 1) to ensure that an organization studies themselves are carefully applied in all of its aspects; 2) to ensure that the whole management system comes together and formulates how the business organization should be run in order for the company to realize maximum profits; 3) to promote planning in order for everyone in the establishment to have a sense of direction; 4) to ensure that a business establishment’s policies are clearly defined and that t heir main aim is to realize profits; 5) to maximize the effect on how both capital and staff are employed; 6) to reveal areas in the company that can be improved in order for the company to realize maximum profits; 7) to facilitate the comparison of the business establishment with external environments with the view of increasing its revenue; 8) to coordinate and direct activities in the business to ensure that they lead to achievement of the company’s goal which is maximum profits; 9) finally, allowing and supporting the control function of management by analyzing actual results with the expected results (Jiambalvo, 2009). This information about the performance of their staff is provided to the managers. Managerial accounting is basically designed for companies whose main aim is profit maximization. However, the use of some managerial accounting concepts is beneficial to non-profit business organizations because by adopting such techniques managers of non-profit organization s are able to set benchmarks or measurements that are appropriate for controlling, planning, and decision making. There are various techniques used when it comes to managerial accounting in a non-profit business establishment. One technique used is where the cost of raw material, labour and total overheads will determine the health of the business e

AIG Accounting Scandal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

AIG Accounting Scandal - Case Study Example Established in 1921 it had its headquarters in Connecticut. Warren Buffets Berkshire Hathaway owned the company. The company was ranoriginally RonaldFerguson until his retirement in 2002. In 2007, the premium written was over six billion U.S dollars(Schonfeld 2006). One of the participants involved In the AIG demise was Hank Greenburg. He was born in 1925, admitted to the New York bar in 1953, joinedAIG in 1962and named CEO in 1968(Young, 2009). He ranAIG for 38 years before stepping down in March 21 2005(Young, 2009). Another participant was Ron Ferguson. He was the CEO of Gen Re He was bornin 1942(Young, 2009). He was a fellow of CAS ad co-developed the B-F method. He joined Gen Re in 1966 and was CEO in 1987. Later, in 1998, Berkshire HathawayassimilatedGen Re. Helater retired in 2002(Young, 2009). Others include Christopher Garad, FCAS. He was Gen Re’s Senior Vice president and Chief Underwriter of finite reinsurance in the U.S from 1994 to 2005. Elizabeth Monrad, CPA. She was the CFO of Gen Re as from 2000 to 2003. Robert graham, JD. He was SVP and assistant general counsel at Gen Re until 2005 (Young, 2009). Christian Milton. He was the VP of AIGs reinsurance until 2005. RichardNapier was the SVP accountable for Gen Re affiliation with AIG. John Houldswoth was the CEO of Cologne Re Dublin CRD. Eliot Spitzer, JD was born in 1959. He was a former attorney general of New York. During his time as an attorney general, he had some outstandingprosecutions including the mutual fund scandals that was in 2003, the insurer bid rigging, in 2004; and AIG accounting scandal, in 2005. He elected governor of New York in 2006(Young, 2009). In 2001, the S.E.C learned that AIG has aided a customer company in strengthening its balance sheet through a bogus insurance transaction.

Amazon's Data Assurance Policies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amazon's Data Assurance Policies - Assignment Example Amazon’s customers receive immediate notification of whether the transaction has been successful.   This is done first immediately online, giving them an opportunity to keep a printed record as well as being stored in their account history, which is viewable online.   An electronic mail is also sent to the customer as a further notification and security measure.In a credit card transaction there are three stages to processing an order; namely, authentication of the cardholder, authorization for the transaction from the card issuer, and eventually settlement by the card issuer with Amazon.   Once the card issuer authorizes the transaction Amazon will send a confirmation to the customer.   In a successful credit card transaction for an existing customer the following information assurance policies are embedded within Amazon’s order processing system to safeguard customers, Amazon and the card issuer against the risk of identity theft:Amazon’s information as surance policies ensure that it does not collect any data from customers that is not required either to facilitate online transactions or to improve the quality of their experience whilst on the site.   For example, behind the scenes, Amazon ensures that all credit card numbers are transferred to and stored on a computer that is not accessible by network or modem or connected to the Internet.   This is done via a one-way interface.   This acts as another layer of protection from internal security risks as most staff will have no reason to access that server.Often the weakest point in the information assurance policy is interaction with the end-user, as an organization relies on the end-user to keep personal data accurate and safeguard against threats to the integrity of network systems to which they have access.   Amazon’s success here is mixed.   For example, customers are forced to keep their personal data accurate in order to be authenticated for purchasing from the site and Amazon does not collect personal data for any other reason.  

The Role of Food in my Family Essay Example for Free

The Role of Food in my Family Essay In the words of Ruth Reichl, â€Å"Everything here is true, but it may not be entirely factual† (x). In thinking about this paper, I was drawn to reassess my relationship with my parents through the perspective of food. At times, I have embellished or exaggerated some of their characteristics or words, but the essence of their characters and our relationship is there. The events actually happened when I visited my family home during the summer vacation and I prepared blueberry muffins for my parents. Reflection upon my anticipation of the event, the cooking, and the eating led me to the following conclusion: food creates bonds between family members, allows each family member to define their role in the family, and allows them to express thoughts or feelings that they may not feel comfortable expressing in words. As I packed my bags to head home for the summer holidays, I made sure to pack the recipe for blueberry muffins I had found especially for my parents. Of all of the items on my packing list, this recipe was the most meaningful. My parents have always loved muffins, and this time, I was going to make them something special – a recipe that would allow me to share with them something of my experience in the United States. The trip to Indonesia is long, and as I got off the plane, I was filled with conflicting feelings: extreme fatigue from the long flight, disorientation from the jet lag, excitement about seeing my parents again, and hopeful that my parents were as excited to see me as I was to see them. This last feeling was confirmed. My mom greeted me with a warm hug, and my dad immediately took charge of all of my bags. Once I arrived home, I began unpacking and placed the all-important recipe in my purse. When I informed my parents that I had to go out to run a top-secret errand, the disappointment on their faces was obvious. I was touched that they wanted to spend some quality time with me, and I only hoped that the blueberry muffins would make up for some of their disappointment. As I set out on my shopping expedition, I was filled with excitement at the prospect of preparing a special breakfast for my family the next morning. I made my way to my favorite fruit and vegetable market, and to my surprise, I was completely overwhelmed by the sights, sounds, and smells so familiar to me from my childhood but which I had since forgotten. My intense reaction reminded me of my first traveling experience – to Singapore for summer school. Alone in an unfamiliar environment, I felt like a fish out of water. I did not know anyone and had to make my own way in a new country. Shopping for groceries felt like exploring a new universe – all of the products were different. The stores were arranged and smelled differently. Restaurants featured unfamiliar dishes. Even though Indonesia and Singapore are only a short geographical distance apart, in terms of food, they were in different worlds. My experience was very similar to Ruth Reichl’s as she arrived in Montreal to study at the College Marie de France: â€Å"I was on Mars, where no sound, no smell, no emotion was familiar† (59). I returned my attention to my present predicament, and I looked all over for the all-important blueberries. When I finally found them, I gasped in surprise at the extraordinarily high price. How could I have forgotten about the price of blueberries! It is not as if this was my first experience buying food in a â€Å"new† location. I say new because, after living in the United States, I have grown accustomed to American supermarkets. I had assumed that since I was shopping in my native country I would not be shocked by anything. Instead, I was shocked by how quickly my perspective had changed. I was a foreigner in my own country! Once I got over my initial shock at the exorbitant price, my eyes drifted from the price tag to the actual blueberries. What were these shriveled, greenish-blue things? These blueberries were a far cry from the plump, deep-blue, juicy, sweet blueberries I buy in the United States. My initial thought was, â€Å"are these dangerous and I going to poison my parents? † One thing I realized from reading Reichl’s â€Å"Mold† was that â€Å"food could be dangerous, especially to those who loved it† (5), and my parents loved muffins. I quickly dismissed this idea of danger: other people were buying these blueberries so they were probably not harmful in any way. My mind made up, I bought the questionable blueberries and made my way back to my parents’ house, quietly hiding the fruit so that my parents would not find it. That night, my mother made dinner for the family like she always does, with my dad carrying the serving dishes and the beverages to the table. Her meals always seem to be a variation on the same theme: meat and vegetables. Sometimes the meat is fish, sometimes it is steak, but there is always meat at dinner. Likewise, there are always vegetables. At times when I was growing up, I yearned for some more variety: pizza, spaghetti, quiche, anything besides meat and vegetables! This evening, however, the expected meal and all of my parents’ questions about my life in the United States brought me peace, for at last I was at home. After the meal, I excused myself from the table, telling my parents that I desperately needed to sleep. Before going to bed, I told them to expect something special for breakfast in the morning. The look on my mom’s face was worth a thousand words: a mixture of surprise and delight. It is rare that anyone other than she cooks at our house. In fact, I can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times I have prepared anything for my parents. Looking back on it, I believe she was excited at the prospect of not having to get up to prepare me a special breakfast for my first morning home. The next morning, I woke up early, filled with anticipation at the thought of baking. I hoped the muffins would turn out wonderfully. After seeing the look of delight on my mother’s face the previous evening, I did not want to disappoint her in any way. At the same time, I was hopeful that the muffins would turn out great and convey to my parents my desire to make them happy. I went to the kitchen, pulled out all of the ingredients, and placed the Barefoot Contessa’s recipe that I had found on the Food Network Website the counter. Here’s the recipe I used: Blueberry Coffee Cake Muffins Ingredients: †¢ 12 tablespoons (1 1/2 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temperature †¢ 1 1/2 cups sugar †¢ 3 extra-large eggs, at room temperature †¢ 1 1/2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract †¢ 8 ounces (about 1 cup) sour cream †¢ 1/4 cup milk †¢ 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour †¢ 2 teaspoons baking powder †¢ 1/2 teaspoon baking soda †¢ 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt †¢ 2 half-pints fresh blueberries, picked through for stems Directions Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Place 16 paper liners in muffin pans. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, cream the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 5 minutes. With the mixer on low speed, add the eggs 1 at a time, then add the vanilla, sour cream, and milk. In a separate bowl, sift together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. With the mixer on low speed add the flour mixture to the batter and beat until just mixed. Fold in the blueberries with a spatula and be sure the batter is completely mixed. Scoop the batter into the prepared muffin pans, filling each cup just over the top, and bake for 25 to 30 minutes, until the muffins are lightly browned on top and a cake tester comes out clean. I followed the directions exactly, with one exception. I sprinkled some sugar on the blueberries to make them a little bit juicier. I had read about this technique with strawberries (Newton) and thought it would not hurt to try it with a different type of fruit. It seemed to make them a little bit more appetizing, but they still worried me. I did not want to disappoint my parents! Once the muffins were in the oven, I made coffee and began to set the table. As soon as the silverware made a clinking sound, my dad wandered into the kitchen, as if summoned by some sort of bell. He started to take the dishes, mugs, glasses, and forks from my hands so that he could take them to the table. This was, after all, his role, and a role that he had fulfilled at the airport when he took charge of my bags. Indeed, night after night, my mom would slave away in the kitchen, and my dad would bring the fruits of her cooking to the table so that we could enjoy it. When the muffins were finally ready, my parents and I sat down at the table to eat. Looking back on my first bite of these disappointing muffins made from inadequate blueberries, I am reminded of a portion of Molly Wizenberg’s blog â€Å"Orangette†: â€Å"The poor woman put me on this earth, and I made her iffy waffles. They tasted like nothing. I want to do better. † My parents have given me so much – life itself, food, shelter, support – and all I wanted to do was make some muffins that they would enjoy. This gesture was intended to show them how grateful I am for all of their love and support, even if I secretly at times thought them to be too demanding. My parents, however, did not seem to notice that the muffins were not amazing. Perhaps this was because they had never tasted really fresh blueberries. Instead, they seemed to be absolutely delighted by my gesture and took it in the spirit that it was given. As we sat around the table, I asked them questions about their work, their friends, and their hobbies. I really enjoyed the chance to get to know them better on this level. Normally, our table conversations consisted of questions about me (or my siblings): â€Å"How was school? † â€Å"How did you do on that test? † â€Å"What are you doing this weekend? † â€Å"Tell me about that boy you have been seeing. † The change in the dynamics of the conversation really put my family’s relationship with food in perspective. Now, I understand why my mom always made meals with meat and vegetables. It was her way of showing she cared for my physical well-being, much like her questions (which, when I was a teenager were extremely annoying) were her way of showing she cared about my future. For my mom, food seems to be a vehicle to communicate concern for health. My dad’s role seems to be as a messenger. Much like he could lay down the law in terms of rules, delivering them with an iron fist to a teenager determined to spread her wings; he could also deliver nutritious meals to the table. In both cases, his acts constitute his way of showing he cares. I, however, seem to be concerned that my parents are happy. I know that it must be hard for them to live alone after having spent so many years with a house full of kids, When I made muffins for them, I wanted them to be happy, and I wanted to be the one to bring them even a little bit of happiness. Works Cited Barefoot Contessa. â€Å"Blueberry Coffee Cake Muffins. † Foodnetwork. com. 2002. Web. 12 July 2010. Newton. â€Å"Strawberries and Sugar. † Ask a Scientist: General Science Archive. 30 June 2004. Web. 12 July 2010. Reichl, Ruth. Tender at the Bone: Growing Up at the Table. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2010. Print. Wizenberg, Molly. â€Å"A Quick Couple. † Orangette. 10 May 2010. Web. 16 July 2010.

Current Environmental Laws Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay

Current Environmental Laws Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay There are different laws which are provided for the environment. These are created for the preservation, conservation and protection of the natural resources of the Philippines. Some are intended to preserve, protect and secure human health and our natural environment just like the pollution control laws. Some of these laws will be discussed in the succeeding paragraphs. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1151) defines the general policies on the pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations and mandates the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for all projects, which may significantly affect the environment. Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1152) defines the policy objectives and the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land management, and waste management. It launches a comprehensive national program of environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. Pollution Control Law (P.D. 984) Stating that it is imperative to strengthen the National Pollution Control Commission (since subsumed by the DENR) to best protect the people from the growing menace of environmental pollution, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 984, otherwise known as the National Pollution Control Decree of 1976. The Decree was effective up until its repeal under the Clean Water Act of 2004. This law prevents possible pollution that different commercial and industrial businesses may give to the environment. It provides guidelines for the proper discharge of sewage or industrial waste. The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001(R.A. 9003) an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes. This law ensures that there is proper disposal and management of wastes in different areas of our country. There are penalties for those who will break the rules provided by this law. It ensures the protection of the public health. When we conducted a research in Bakakeng Norte last semester, about their solid waste management, we learned that there is a program MRF or the material recovery facility that they are doing. Each barangay of Baguio city are doing this. This law is very helpful not only for the environment but also to the people. Water Code of the Philippines (P.D. 1067) adopts adequate measures to conserve and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and residential areas. It also provides other policy guidelines in water quality and management of water resources. This law is very important. It is a tool in ensuring proper management and use of water. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A. 9275) is an act providing a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes. This law ensures and secures the health of every citizen of our country. It ensures proper management of water resources and water quality management in all bodies of water of the Philippines. Water Pollution Control P.D. 600 (amended by P.D. 979) prohibits the discharge of oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful substances into the countrys inland and territorial waters. Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729) an act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes. Presidential Decree No. 953 is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain trees, plants and vegetation. The Forestry Reform Code P.D. 389 (P.D. 705) codifies updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources. Its function is to conserve the public forests of the nation, protect and preserve national parks and provide agricultural land for the people. Presidential Decree No. 953 is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain trees, plants and vegetation. Sanitation Code (P.D. 856) places the responsibility in the local government units for the solid waste management in his area of production. It prohibits the improper disposal of garbage 2)How Hospitality Tourism Management is affected by the current environmental laws? Environmental laws are very important in hospitality and tourism industry. They serve as guidelines in putting up businesses. These laws provide penalties for every violation that they may commit. Without these laws, there will be overuse and degradation of natural resources. These laws should be considered by tourism industries before putting up their businesses. These laws set wall or limitation for tourism but compliance with these leads to conservation of our environment and we are not only helping the environment but actually the whole humanity since we are the number one who benefits the gifts of our natural resources. The environmental laws give ideas to the hospitality and tourism employees on how to have a successful operation of their businesses. They help in creating good path to success. These laws remind tourism industries that success is not only having a good relationship with the customers they have but also having a good relationship with the environment and cooperation with the government. 3)How Hospitality and Tourism Management businesses can help improve the current environmental situation of the Philippines? Tourism activities have positive and negative effects on the life of people and in the environment. Tourism can give positive impact on the economy and provides employment for the people but its unsustainable development can lead to destruction of our environment. In developing tourism facilities such as recreation facilities, water supplies, restaurants and accommodation can involve sand mining, beach and sandbank erosion, soil erosion and extensive paving. Tourism activity can lead to land degradation and loss of wildlife habitats and deterioration of scenery. Swimming pools and hotels generally overuse water for maintenance, especially golf courses. This can lead to water shortage and generate waste water. Tourism activities also contribute in unmanageable volume of solid wastes, for example here in Baguio City, volume of solid waste increases during Panagbenga. Hospitality and Tourism Management businesses can help improve the current environmental situation of the Philippines by being socially and environmentally responsible. By doing what is right and not harmful for the environment. By complying with the laws provided for the environment. Tourism graduates must know how to apply in the industry what he learned in his school. Nowadays, sustainable tourism and green tourism are becoming popular. We should not stop in promoting sustainable and green tourism. Tourism businesses can help by conserving water and energy. Practice proper waste management, reduce, recycle and reuse. In developing their establishments use environment friendly products such as eco-friendly paints, offer products which are also eco-friendly. Tourism industry must not only after profit, we must also consider all the things it can affect, specially the environment. Our environment is very fragile. Some resources once depleted they cannot be replaced. Some once damaged , can never be back into their original state again. Some could be but it will take time. The next generation will be the one suffering from the loss of our natural resources today. Tourism businesses should be able to attract customers not by having luxurious destinations. Start promoting the natural beauty of our environment and stop damaging the natural resources we have. They should be a role model and encourage people in conserving the environment. Reference : http://bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-laws-of-philippines.html

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Lucid Dreaming Therapy

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Lucid Dreaming Therapy Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has seen a steep incline in recent years, affecting over 1 adult in every 12 (National Comorbidity Survey Replication [NCS-R], 2001-2003). Per the American Psychiatric Association, it is defined as a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, rape or other violent personal assault (APA, 2015). An adult diagnosed with PTSD can arguably obtain normality in behaviour and mindset through various forms of psychotherapy and medication, and resultantly recover from the disorder. Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) is becoming an increasingly large influence in the format of exposure therapy, which begs the question, to what extent can Lucid Dreaming be effective in treating the identifying characteristics of PTSD? Exposure Therapy is a format of behavioural therapy in which a patient re-enters the setting in which they experienced the initial trauma, whether it be virtually, imaginatively or physically, and attempts to confront the troubling factor (APA, Division 12). Exposure therapy is advertised as a treatment component range for several problems, including Phobias, Social Anxiety Disorder and PTSD. However, the difference with the latter is the inability to physically recreate the event in the exact manner that it originally occurred, with all smells, sounds and emotions originally experienced. The goal of Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) is to reduce the detriment caused as a result of PTSD in order to enable a suffering adult to best function independently and successfully in various environments (Green McCreery, 1994; Halliday, 1988; LaBerge, 1985; LaBerge Rheingold, 1990; Tholey, 1988). LDT is most successful in combination with early intervention. Treatment closely after a traumatic eve nt allows for a greater possibility to alleviate suffering from effects such as nightmares and depression. Characterizing Description of PTSD PTSD is classified as a trauma and stressor related psychiatric disorder, largely due to four common features that appear from three months to years after the occurrence of a traumatic event. These characteristics are intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thought and mood, and changes in emotional reactions (DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5). The diagnostic features of PTSD best described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. At least eight of the criteria must be present for the diagnosis of PTSD. Of these eight, additional requirements exist in each area. Exposure to death, violence or injury is one key feature of PTSD, referred to as stressor. This can be marked through direct exposure, witnessing the trauma, learning that a relative or close friend was exposed to a trauma or Indirect exposure to aversive details of the trauma. A patient must have one of these social criterions to be marked as a patient of PTSD. Symptoms of intrusion are another foundation of PTSD. A persistently recurring format of re-experiencing the trauma is characteristic. Such symptoms include recurrent or involuntary and intrusive memories, traumatic nightmares, dissociative reactions such as flashbacks ranging on a continuum of brief episodes to loss of consciousness, intense or prolonged distress after exposure to traumatic reminded, as well as marked physiological reactivity after exposure to trauma-related stimuli. Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing trauma-related stimuli after the event is another core to PTSD. This can be marked through trauma-related thoughts or feelings in addition or replacement to trauma-related external reminders (e.g. people, places, objects or activities). Negative alterations in cognition are often a bi-product of PTSD and therefore a key factor in diagnosis. These alterations include; dissociative amnesia in relation to the key features of the traumatic event, persistent or distorted negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world, persistent blame of oneself or others for causing the traumatic event or for resulting consequences, persistent negative trauma-related emotions, markedly diminished interest in pre-traumatic significant activities, a sense of alienation/detachment from others, and a persistent inability to experience positive emotions. A patient must have at least two of these symptoms to be diagnosed with PTSD. There are many well-known associated features and disorders with PTSD. Insomnia, ranging from mild to profound, is prevalent in most cases. Irritability, aggression, self-destructive actions or recklessness are behavioural symptoms that may accompany PTSD. Additionally, hypervigilance and an exaggerated startle response, sometimes accompanied by problems in concentration are examples of alterations in arousal and reactivity that may have begun or worsened after the traumatic event. Two of these alterations are necessary for diagnosis of PTSD. Other factors such as duration/persistence of symptoms, functional impairment and confirmation of exclusion (verification that disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness) are key in the diagnosis of PTSD. By definition, the onset of PTSD requires that the given symptoms occur for a minimum of a month. Although to a comparatively minor extent, most symptoms are present directly after the trauma and will continuously dev elop throughout time. PTSD is two to three times more prevalent in females than to males. An experience of sexual assault or child sexual abuse is more likely amongst women in comparison to accidents, physical assault, combat, disaster or witness to death/injury being the likely trauma for men. The median number of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder sufferers is 7 to 8 per 100 individuals, with reported ranges ranging from 7 20 per 100 individuals, the latter being combat related. The most recent statistic shows up to 8 in 100 individuals may be diagnosed with autism (DSM-V-TR). As the direct/chemical cause of PTSD is debatable, the reason for recent increase is, while speculative, currently unknown. Methods of Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) Lucid Dreaming Therapy (LDT) is an upcoming format of treatment that has been specifically researched for application in relation to the treatment of PTSD. Lucid Dreaming is defined as the state in which an individual is aware that they are dreaming and subsequently obtain control over their dreams. The phenomenon of lucid dreaming dates back centuries and quite possibly millennia, with reports of its use dating back to the eighth century, in the form of what was known to be Dream Yoga. With scientific confirmation of the phenomenon in the late 20th Century, therapeutic possibilities began to be brought to light. Lucid Dreaming Treatment (LDT) arose from this idea as an alternative cognitive-restructuring technique, but only a small amount of research has been conducted on the topic, composed mainly of case studies (Abramovitch, 1995; Brylowski, 1990; Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker, van den Bout, Meijer, 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). Nightmares are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) to be extremely frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams which awaken the dreamer, followed by full alertness (APA, 2000). Although this is the current definition used as a diagnostic criterion, according to DSM-IV-TR, and in this essay, it should be mentioned that some have challenged this definition (Spoormaker, Schredl, van den Bout, 2005; Zadra, Pilon, Donderi, 2006). In the adult population, as many as 70 % of individuals report at least an occasional nightmare, and 2-5% suffer from recurrent nightmares (Lancee, Spoormaker, Krakow, van den Bout, 2008). Suffering from recurrent nightmares causes distress in waking life and can result in both occupational and social dysfunction. The fear and anxiety which the nightmare provokes linger when the dreamer awakens from it, which may prevent the individual from returning to sleep due to the fear of re-experience. It has been suggested that by becoming lucid during the nightmare, the dreamer can take control of the threatening situation and change the course of the nightmare, thus possibly alleviating feelings of fear and anxiety. This could possibly result in reduced nightmare frequency, relieving the nightmare sufferer from its negative effects both in sleep and waking life (Gackenbach Bosveld, 1989; Gavie Revonsuo, 2010; Green McCreery, 1994; Halliday, 1988; LaBerge, 1985; LaBerge Rheingold, 1990; Tholey, 1988). In LDT, the participants describe their nightmare and are then introduced to the concept of LD, the possibility to become conscious while dreaming and to be able to alter the content at will. The participants are then taught different LD induction techniques, such as choosing a recurrent cue within their dreams to be a signal of being in the dream state, or questioning the nature of reality several times during the day, asking themselves Am I dreaming? The participants then choose an alternative, more positive scenario of the nightmare, focusing on the content they wish to alter whilst lucid (Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). A Pilot Study conducted by the Department of Clinical Psychology of Utrecht University in the Netherlands aimed to evaluate the effects of LDT on recurrent nightmares which is an identifying characteristic of PTSD. The participants of the study included 23 individuals (16:7, Female: Male) who have recurrent episodes of nightmares. The requirement from the participants of the study was to fill out a questionnaire regarding their sleep and Diagnostic Traits of PTSD. These individuals were randomly divided into 3 groups; 8 participants received one 2-hour individual LDT session, 8 participants received one 2-hour group LDT session, and 7 participants were placed on the waiting list. LDT consisted of exposure, mastery, and lucid dreaming exercises to train their mind to become more self aware. Participants then filled out the same questionnaires 12 weeks after the intervention as a follow-up. It was found that by the follow-up, nightmare frequency of both treatment groups had shown a dec rease. There were no significant changes observed in sleep quality and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom. This led to the conclusion that while LDT seems effective in reducing the frequency of nightmares, the primary therapeutic components of exposure, mastery, or lucidity remain unclear. The results of utilizing LD as treatment are consistent, indicating that LDT is effective for reducing nightmare frequency (Abramovitch, 1995; Brylowski, 1990; Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). A one-year follow-up showed that four out of five participants, who prior to the treatment suffered from nightmares once every few days, went down to once every few months or no longer had any nightmares (Zadra Pihl). In another study the treatment consisted of one two-hour session either individually, in group or, and as the control condition, being on a waiting list where no treatment was received. The participants had suffered from nightmares for over one year, at least once a week. The 12 week follow-up showed that nightmare frequency decreased in both treatment conditions, which was not the case for the control group (Spoormaker van den Bout). For some participants LDT was also effective in reducing non-recurrent nightmares with differing conte nts (Zadra Pihl). Some of the participant had also subjectively reported slightly improved sleep quality after LDT (Spoormaker et al.) and that dream lucidity resulted in higher positive psychological elements which were also reflected in waking life (Zadra Pihl). Similar effects have been reported by Brylowski and Abramovitch. The studies showed that while nightmare frequency was reduced following LDT, not all of the participants displayed in becoming lucid and to lucidly alter the content of the dream. One of the reasons attributed to this being the mere feeling of control which is necessary to LDT. Being able to master the nightmare and not being its victim seems to play an equally vital role as the actual altering of the content (Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). Experiencing a traumatic event of extremely frightening and life-threatening character may, for some people, develop into Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder in which the symptoms are collected under three clusters: intrusive/re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance symptoms and hyper arousal symptoms. Those suffering from PTSD endure highly disturbing recollections of the event. They display heightened sensitivity towards both internal and external stimuli which resemble or in any way symbolize some aspect of the original event. When confronted with similar symbols or conditions, they experience emotional numbness and sleep difficulties. The individuals self defence mechanism leads them to avoid all such stimuli which may remind them of the event. Hence those suffering from PTSD often experience constant conflicts in interpersonal relationships which can be attributed to heightened sensitivity as a result of PTSD. It is not uncommon for them to display recurring avoidance patterns in occupational situations which may remind them of the traumatic event. (APA, 2000). In addition to heightened sensitivity and severe anxiety posttraumatic nightmares that replay or indirectly symbolize, the original traumatizing event constitute the most frequent symptom in PTSD. (APA, 2000). It has been estimated that up to 60-80% of PTSD patients suffer from posttraumatic nightmares (Spoormaker, 2008). However, research has shown that treating PTSD does not necessarily reduce nightmare frequency (Spoormaker; Spoormaker Montgomery, 2008). In contrast, Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT), a treatment focusing on alleviating nightmare frequency in PTSD also reduces general PTSD symptom severity (Krakow Moore, 2007). Research has also shown that nightmares and disturbed sleep may be a risk factor for developing and maintaining PTSD (Mellman Hipolito, 2006). Due to these findings, Spoormaker (2008) and Spoormaker and Montgomery (2008) stated that posttraumatic nightmares ought not to be viewed as a secondary symptom but rather as a central characteristic in the advancem ent of post traumatic stress disorder. Their series of research, studies and findings led them to infer that posttraumatic nightmares might develop into a disorder of its own and therefore demands specific treatment. LDT is effective in reducing the frequency of recurrent nightmares (Abramovitch, 1995; Brylowski, 1990; Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997), and thus it has been suggested that LDT could be a valuable supplement in the treatment of PTSD, focusing on decreasing the frequency of posttraumatic nightmares. As posttraumatic nightmares are a nocturnal replay of the original traumatic event, the patient is reminded of the trauma every time they dream about it. A reduction in the frequency of post traumatic nightmares would lead to an abatement of fear and anxiety due to decreased instances of number of occurrences in a given time frame. In addition to this, as anticipated by Spoormaker (2008) and Spoormaker and Montgomery (2008), posttraumatic nightmares not only enhance but also prolong the severity of PTSD. As such, LDT could work as a supplement to already existing treatment of PTSD and reduce nightmare frequency. Furthermore, LDT offers the patien t the opportunity to alter the content of the dream to a less fearsome dream, which could lead to reducing the feelings of fear and anxiety within the dream. If LDT is effective in both reducing nightmare frequency and the intense feelings of fear and anxiety, it might also be effective in decreasing the fear and anxiety associated with the original trauma during wakefulness, which in turn could lead to a reduction in general PTSD symptom severity. While this possible effectiveness of LDT on PTSD was proposed by Green and McCreery (1994) in the early days of LD research and recently by Gavie and Revonsuo (2010), there has only been one study where researchers attempted to treat PTSD patients with LDT (Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006). They found that nightmare frequency was significantly reduced in subjects receiving LDT, but the study did not reveal any significant reduction in general PTSD symptom severity, which the authors proposed might have been due to the low baseline for PTSD symptom severity in the studied population. Moreover, the study only included one participant out of 23 who was actually diagnosed with PTSD (Spoormaker van den Bout). Gavie and Revonsuo were adamant that no conclusions can be made based on this single study and encouraged future researchers to investigate the effect of LDT on PTSD nightmares and other PTSD symptoms with larger groups of diagnosed PTSD patients and longer lucidity interventions. Fear and Control: Two Key Components for LDT Fear is a main component of nightmares, experienced both during sleep in relation to the nightmare content and during wakefulness, as suffering from recurrent nightmares can lead to fear of going to sleep due to the risk of re-experiencing the nightmare. Fear also represents one of the key emotions during the course of PTSD (APA, 2000). In PTSD, fear is not only related to the extreme fright which was experienced during the occurrence of the traumatizing event, but also refers to the massive feeling of fear evoked when the patient encounters associable stimuli, which often serve as reminders of the original event. Posttraumatic nightmares generally replicate the original event, meaning every time the nightmare occurs, the patient re-lives the trauma and its accompanied fear (Gavie Revonsuo, 2010). Although LDT has been shown to be effective in reducing recurrent nightmares, not all participants succeeded in becoming lucid and able to lucidly alter the content of the nightmare. This has been suggested do be due to the fact that the feeling of control, following from the mere knowledge of the possibility to master the nightmare, is equally as important as the actual altering of the content (Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). As such, control might constitute a key component of LDT, both in respect to lucidly to control the content of the nightmare and alter the course of the dream, and to the feeling of control brought by the thought that the fear both during the dream and during wakefulness is something that can be overcome. In this sense, LDT might prove to be effective not only for patients suffering from nightmares and reducing nightmare frequency, but also for patients suffering from disorders characterised by fear, offering them th e possibility to control and reduce the level of fear they experience. In one case study, a 35-year-old woman diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and major depression complained about frequent nightmares. She suffered from one to four nightmares per week, from which her self-confidence and security felt threatened. She did not suffer from recurrent nightmares, but her nightmares did contain a recurrent theme, relating to the physical and mental abuse she experienced by her father as a child, and husband as an adult. These nightmares were so intense that she had difficulties in separating her experiences in them from her experiences in reality, and sometimes spoke of them as if they were real events (Brylowski, 1990). The patient was introduced to the phenomenon of LD and was instructed to keep a dream journal, which she was to take with her to therapy each week. She was also told to practice an LD induction technique every night in order to learn how to become lucid during the dream. The appearance of her father or husband in the nightmare was chosen as a dream cue, used as an indicator to remind her that she was just dreaming. Upon recognising that she was dreaming, she was to use the realisation as a reminder that she was safely lying in bed and there was nothing to fear (Brylowski, 1990). During a six-month period, which included 24 sessions with her therapist, the patient experienced three lucid dreams and was able to alter the course of the nightmare in all three cases. Using LDT resulted in reduced nightmare frequency, intensity and distress, which provided her with a sense of mastery in relation to her emotions and responses to nightmares. Following these results, her therapist suggested that these abilities and attitudes could be used in waking life when dealing with similar problems. So, whenever she was faced with a stirred emotion or a difficult situation in waking life, she was able to remind herself of how she had controlled a similar situation in the dream state. In turn, she now had the capacity to deal with the waking situation just as she had while (lucid) dreaming (Brylowski, 1990). As a result, LDT provided her with a sense of mastery in relation to her emotions and responses to nightmares as well as her waking life, which then resulted in entering into psychotherapy. What Green and McCreery (1994) put forward, is that LD provides us with the experience of achieving control over a mental aspect, in this case distressing nightmares. They argued that gaining control over one might, in turn, have a generalised therapeutic effect. In the case study, Brylowski (1990) showed how LDT not only reduced nightmare frequency and distress, but also how engaging in LDT could extend into managing situations waking life. LDT provided the patient with the experience of mastering a fearful situation within a nightmare, which, prior to the treatment, had affected her to the point where she could not differentiate nightmares from waking events. After the treatment the patient expressed increased self-confidence, knowing that she now possessed the capacity to make changes in other waking circumstances as well. Brylowski (1990) initated the notion that, Nightmares can occur across diagnostic syndromes. According to DSM-IV-TR, nightmares can occur frequently during the course of many psychological disorders without there being a specific diagnostic symptom, for example as a part of Personality Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia (APA, 2000). Brylowski concluded lucid dreaming worked well for this patient as it motivated her to start and stay in therapy. He suggested that LD as a therapeutic tool ought to be considered not only for treating nightmares, but also in the treatment of personality disorders. Although diagnosed with BPD, the patient also showed symptoms related to PTSD, i.e. nightmares which directly or symbolically represented a traumatic event (history of abuse) and depression which, according to DSM-IV-TR, is highly associated with PTSD (APA, 2000). On the basis of this fact alone, it is premature to draw any conclusions on the effect of LDT on personality disorders. However, engaging in LDT did have a general therapeutic effect in this case study, and as such, LDT could be valuable as a supplement in the treatment of BPD and possibly even other personality disorders. Overall, more studies are needed to further investigate the possible general therapeutic value of gaining control over fear and anxiety using LDT, both in relation to recurrent nightmares, and to other psychological disorders such as PTSD and personality disorders. The current studies investigating the potential therapeutic value of LD in reducing recurrent nightmares have shown promising results, where engaging in Lucid Dreaming Treatment (LDT) has resulted in decreased nightmare frequency (Abramovitch, 1995; Brylowski, 1990; Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997), slightly increased subjective sleep quality (Spoormaker et al.) and reduced nightmare intensity and distress (Brylowski). As such, it has been suggested across these studies that LDT might be effective in reducing posttraumatic nightmares in PTSD (Gavie Revonsuo, 2010; Green McCreery, 1994). Every time a nightmare occurs, the patient experiences the trauma and extreme fear associated with it. Therefore, there is the possibility that relieving the posttraumatic nightmare could, in turn, reduce general PTSD symptom severity (Gavie Revonsuo). With larger groups of diagnosed PTSD patients and longer lucidity interventions, future research could st udy the effect of LDT on posttraumatic nightmares. As examined, one case study showed that attitudes and skills learned through LDT can be transferred and applied to waking life situations (Brylowski, 1990). This could be an indication that LDT has the potential to work beyond the more specific focus of alleviating nightmares. Although nightmare frequency was reduced, not all of the patients were able to reach lucidity and alter the course of events in their nightmare (Spoormaker van den Bout, 2006; Spoormaker et al., 2003; Zadra Pihl, 1997). On the basis of this, one possible and important key component of LDT could be that of control. In the case of Phobic patients, they were found to be less likely to believe in having control over events (Leung Heimberg, 1996). Considering lucid dreamers tend to believe in their own control over waking situations to a higher degree than non-lucid dreamers (Blagrove Hartnell, 2000; Blagrove Tucker, 1994), it shows that control could be one of the key elements of LDT and that LDT could be a va luable supplement in the treatment of phobia. Further and more extensive research is required in order to investigate the underlying functioning and other effects of LDT more deeply. There is also a gap in the research, where an opportunity exists to compare LDT to other cognitive-restructuring techniques, such as Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) and exposure therapy. In order to further explore the effect of LDT, longer LD induction technique practices and more intense lucidity interventions are needed for LDT to be applicable in the appropriate patient population. As seen in previous studies, there is the potential for this to help recurrent nightmare sufferers, PTSD and phobias, larger groups of nightmare sufferers, diagnosed PTSD and phobic patients. There is still untapped potential for the utilisation of LD as a therapeutic tool and supplement in the treatment of these symptoms, which needs to be studied in-depth.

Seagrams Essay -- Business Management

Edgar Bronfman’s value system is in jeopardy of not being sustained due to his failure to fully transition from charismatic to instrumental leadership as evidenced by the employee questions following the values program training. Analysis Seagram’s is currently undergoing strategic, anticipatory changes in the company’s value system to competitively reposition the company to take advantage of future growth opportunities, diversify the company globally, effectively manage business processes, and increase profits. Bronfman has successfully guided the development and introduction of this new value system. However, Seagram’s is lacking the instrumental leadership necessary for this reorientation to be successful. Specifically, the questions raised by management at the end of the values training program suggest that the three critical elements of instrumental leadership – structuring, controlling, and rewarding – have not been fully addressed. Without these, the new value system will not be â€Å"reinforced and institutionalized† and may fall victim to becoming â€Å"another program of the month†. Bronfman has not structured a sufficient mechanism to ensure the value system is sustained over time. No processes are in place to handle the recommendations for action raised by participants in the training program. Good ideas are being generated, but will be wasted if there is no system to ensure they are heard and implemented. Failure to provide this process will hurt employee morale and...

The Root of the Economic Crisis is Moral Crisis Essay -- Business Ethi

The foreclosure crisis is not actually a crisis, but a consequence of greed, policies, and immoral choices. The increasing rate of foreclosures and decreasing value of homes is inevitable. Bailing out banks or borrowers to help them reform loans and mortgage rates will only provide temporary relief. The crisis exists on a larger scale. Greed has overcome society increasing personal and public debt. The government is only making matters worse by bailing out lenders and borrowers whom are guided by their desires for superficial wealth. Policies passed by men and women with the selfish motive of authority, power, and preservation; men and women who have lost sight of their family, neighbor, and the well-being of society. J. Krishnamurti writes, â€Å"Society is the relationship between people- the relationship between one person and another, between one family and another, between one group and another, and between the individual and the group. Human relationship is soc iety† (1963). We no longer look out for our neighbor, we fear opening our door to strangers, and run from situations that do not satisfy our selfish desires. The foreclosure crisis is therefore a matter of thought. Our thoughts have clouded our needs with wants, our faith with fears, and our empathy with envy. To solve the foreclosure crisis we must regress to the simplest way of life, encouraging relationships that build a community, and discourage the desire to cling to materials, such as homes we cannot afford. We have all become Lumpenproletariat, according to Karl Marx, this defines us as â€Å"criminals, vagabonds, beggars; who have no stake in the economy and therefore sell their labor to the highest bidder† (Wikipedia, 2009). The institutions, gove... ...wth. Look at the entrepreneurs creating jobs. Look at the officials upholding the law without corruption. Look at the homeowner working diligently to pay his bills. Look at the contributing taxpayers. Look at the volunteers. Look at the employers treating their workers fairly. Look at the people living in peace. Reward this! Reward good deeds! Laws must be upheld and wrongful deeds given zero-tolerance. Personal consequence is how we develop coping skills, patients, and understanding. Reward only those who contribute to the well being of our society, our family, and human relationships. This will give individuals a sense of ownership within their communities, responsibility of the outcomes, and the freedom to create, grow, and prosper. When each of us has the freedom to accomplish our ambitions in good faith without tyranny, society will prosper.

Rene Descartes is a Rationalist :: Rationalism vs Empiricism

There is a distinct difference between rationalism and empiricism. In fact, they are very plainly the direct opposite of each other. Rationalism is the belief in innate ideas, reason, and deduction. Empiricism is the belief in sense perception, induction, and that there are no innate ideas. With rationalism, believing in innate ideas means to have ideas before we are born.-for example, through reincarnation. Plato best explains this through his theory of the forms, which is the place where everyone goes and attains knowledge before they are taken back to the â€Å"visible world†. Innate ideas can explain why some people are just naturally better at some things than other people are- even if they have had the same experiences. Believing that reason is the main source of knowledge is another clear distinction of rationalism. Rationalists believe that the 5 senses only give you opinions, not reasons. For example, in Descartes’ wax argument, he explains how a candle has one shape to begin with- but once the candle is lit, it begins to melt, lose its fragrance, and take on a completely different shape than it had started with. This argument proves that our senses can be deceiving and that they should not be trusted. Deduction is the third characteristic of rationalism, which is to prove something with certainty rather than reason. For example, Descartes attempted to prove the existence of God through deductive reasoning in his third meditation. It went something like this: â€Å"I have an idea of a perfect substance, but I am not a perfect substance, so there is no way I could not be the cause of this idea, so there must be some formal reality which is a perfect substance- like God. Because only perfection can create perfection, and though it can also create imperfection- nothing that is imperfect can create something that is perfect. Unlike rationalists, empiricists believe that sense perception is the main source of knowledge. John Locke explained this by dividing ideas into 2 parts: 1) simple, and 2) complex. Simple ideas are based only on perception, like color, size, shape, etc. Complex ideas are formed when simple ideas are combined. Another belief of empiricists is that ideas are only acquired through experience, and not through innate ideas. Empiricists reject the concept of innate knowledge because, for example, if children had this knowledge, why do they not show it? Like why does a baby need to learn to walk or talk, why does he or she not have this knowledge at birth?

The “Now” Wedding Final Project

Running Head: WOW Wedding Final Project The â€Å"NOW† Wedding Final Project by A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of MGMT505 Project Management Fundamentals November 2008 The â€Å"NOW† Wedding Lauren and Conner announced on December 31st that they were going to be married on January 21st. Conner had been notified that he was being deployed with the National Guard on January 30th. Lauren and Conner wanted to have a week for a honeymoon before the deployment. Lauren wanted to have a spectacular wedding and accomplish everything that needed to be accomplished so that everyone could attend and everything would be perfect.There was a tremendous amount of planning, organizing and tasks that needed to be accomplished for the â€Å"NOW† wedding to take place on time, in budget and for it to be perfectly memorable for everyone, especially Lauren and Conner. For Lauren to have the wedding that she dreamed of there were numerous tasks that needed to be accomplished immediately. The first task that needed to be accomplished was to secure the church and reception hall, until the address of the wedding is determined and secured the invitations could not be sent out.The invitations needed to be sent out a week before the couple decided to have the wedding to make sure that everyone could be there, however that was not an option. Dresses had to be made and altered as well as securing the wedding decorations, caterer and wedding party members. The major constraint the wedding couple faced was the time constraint, trying to pull all of the elements together in order to create the perfect wedding would have been difficult at best. The critical path is very tight and there could be no room for mistakes, misunderstandings, or delays.The resources required for this project were mainly people and money. The more people helping to bring all the elements together, the quicker everything could get done. The financial resources, controlled by the brides father, were necessary to move up the processing time especially where the brides dress was concerned. Figure 1. 1 utilizes a Gantt Chart to show the timeframe of the project to include sequencing of sub tasks: Fig 1. 1 [pic] The costs associated with the project are as follows: [pic] This risks for the budget are the following items:Maid of Honor Travel$1000. 00 Airfrieght 20. 00 Seamstress 240. 00 Invitation Incentive 20. 00 Invitations Help 40. 00 Possible Budget Overruns$1320. 00 The following fishbone diagram details all the current risks for the project: [pic] The method of tracking the progress of the â€Å"NOW† Wedding will be the Stop Light Chart, it is a very simple method of tracking what has been completed and what has yet to be started. Following is the Stop Light Chart which would be used at the beginning of the project: [pic] The â€Å"NOW† Wedding Case Study QuestionsPart A [pic] Creating the wedding schedule as outlined in the text it sh ows that the planning for the wedding should have occurred at least a month before it did. We would reduce the time it takes of the mother of the bride to put together the guest list by utilizing all available resources (manning) having all attendants present to create the list and a comprehensive address list (thereby minimizing the risk of one person having all this information). Invitations must be ordered on the 2nd of January with the guest list completed on the 1st.While the invitations are at print, the dresses would be designed on the 3rd with the materials being ordered immediately. The creation of a work flow chart would list out all of the tasks that must be completed assigning individual tasks to individual members of the wedding party. The budget needs to be set immediately and using the budget form above the wedding party has created the master list of objectives and goals. Utilizing the stop light will keep the project on track with constant updates as to the progress on each item.The Maid of Honor needs to be brought in immediately to participate in the planning and execution and to have measurements taken on sight to avoid the risk of the dresses not being made correctly. Part B There would be no conflict caused by the Chairman of the Vestry Committee not reducing the notice period from 14 to 7 days and I would not have recommended using the extra funds to reduce the notice period as the requirement for 14 days notice has been met by depositing the funds to secure the room on the 1st of January. Since the Wedding is scheduled for the 21st of January, there is no need to reduce the notice period.If the project were started on January 1, the Mother getting the flu would not have impacted the guest list completion as it would have been completed by January 2. Since this is the first stage of the entire project, the suggestions would have been made that the mother, bride and all of the attendants get together the night of the 1st and make a comple te list. It is not until this list is completed that any plans can be made including ordering the invitations, cakes, catering, etc†¦ Since the invitations would have been ordered on the 2nd of January, the Bride would have had an xtra few days in the delivery of the invitations. The extra day for print would be compensated for by reducing the addressing phase and rather than asking for paid part-time help, there would be another get together on the night of the 9th to get all of the invitations addressed thereby reducing the number of days down to one. When the material and lace were lost in transit then the recommendation would be to have the Bride cancel the order, receive the funds back from the lost order and take all bridesmaids and Maid of Honor to a local bridal store and purchase dresses.With a three day shipping time on dresses there would still be time to have fittings and alterations done. The lace can be replaced locally and fitted while waiting for the dresses to be delivered. ———————– Gantt Chart Invitations Guest List Budget Maid of Honor Location Dresses Well Defined Budget Responsible Party Complete list created Created ASAP Ordered Promptly Addressed & Mailed Design Pattern Ordered & Delivered Secure in Advance Address for Invitations Travel Arrangements Long Distance Dress

Coming of Age in New Jersey by Michael Moffat Essay

Michael Moffat studied the life of college students in a co-ed residence h aloneitory animateness purlieu at Rutgers University in the new 1970s and mid 1980s. His record bind, Coming of succession in New Jersey College and American Culture draw on belles-lettres of actual students and stomach detailed accounts of the inner histories and activities of both male and female students keep in the dorm.He writes what he larn as an actual resident life history with the students who understood that he was researching their habits and experiences. He lived with them and studies them as an anthropologist would. The book focuses largely on inner life of students but withal touches upon race, throw ethic, gender and community living. It seems that tout ensemble of these anesthetises argon related and Moffat is able to tie frequently of the actions and attitudes together.A common theme passim the book is that the life of college students is not rather as wild and sex fill up as society in world(a) might assume. In feature, the experience may be less wild that the potential students themselves pass judgment. This was wish sanitaryly a relief to many an oppositewise(prenominal) of them and in fact, is likely that the family values and moral philosophy that they brought to college with them were responsible for the reality of life in the dorms. It seems that new college students do not cash in unrivalleds chips all of their past experiences of knowledge at home when the come to college. They app arently eat up dealed and formed opinions and come with a qualify of expectation for acceptable and unsufferable behaviors.The book also discusses the contrariety mingled with expectations of general college living and the actual experience. The societal expectation or assumptions of student life, and what really occurs is discussed. Relating the internal activity and romantic blood to students morals and antecedent learning is fire. Whil e about of the stories are disturbing, many of them lead one to debate that children actually do listen to and learn from their parents. The morals and beliefs of home follow these students to the college dorm.Moffat notes the difference between living in a dormitory like environment such as an a commencement or level off boarding home, and living in a college dorm. In the college dorm there is an expected sense of community and commradery and the university does ofttimes to progress the friendships and support that this living parade offers. Adolescents are transitioning from home to the life of an independent pornographic and the community living is meant to offer a degree of supervision and support. The effects of this arrangement on the actual experiences of students in interest to the proofreader.Chapters 5 & 6 are call Sex and Sex in College respectively. These chapters provide the details on the births and sexual experiences and habits of the students. Moffat ensn are that students fell into several groups including those who were abstruse with to a greater extent conservative and handed-down monogamous, heterosexual person relationships that complex love and affection. This was the largest group. Others fell in to the groups of experiments and those having some casual relationships that involved sex. This group, for the most part included those who arrived at college more experient sexually. Moffat grouped the students into several distinct types in scathe of sexual activity. These included neotraditional, romantic, experimental, radical, heavy(a) and the nonheterosexual population.He was clear to note however, that both student or pair of students involved with a relationship were different, with their own set of idiosyncrasies. Most however, were interested in committed, consensual, heterosexual relationships. Orgies, no matter what the movies and pop civilisation may imply, were not at all the norm on the college campus. E also f ound that for most students, their schedule was o busy and the conflicting schedules of their partner or potential partners made sex a rarity for many.Roommates and social copes of community force further hampered the free love environment one might have expected. The students that describe experimenting with locations such as outside or in classrooms, the library or on the bus seemed driven as very much by the lack of privacy as by the desire to be an exhibitionist. The book note that the 1980s came with the ability to easily prevent pregnancy with the availability of blood control so sex could be enjoyed more freely than in the past. Still, traditional values and the need for committed relationships held out.The fact that the college dorm was set up like a pseudo family, seems to have resulted in some degree of modesty and restraint. Moffat dialog about how students would surely not take the air around naked or provocatively in front of each other on the floor openly. Stu dents or dorm mates related to each other to at to the lowest degree some degree, as they would act around siblings and family members in general. Those who did hardihood to walk to the shower wearing only(prenominal) a towel, for example were made merriment of and the comments made were much like the comments one would make to a sibling. These relationship similitude likely resulted n some keep of the sexual behavior at least among floor mates.Moffats book historys the facts and shows selective information and bell curves and comparisons from the 1970s to the 1980s. He does not draw a lot of conclusions or cause and effect relationships. That is left for the reader to do if he wishes. The book does seem to indicate that college students are more cerebrate and serious than movies such as sensual House would have one believe.Unfortunately, this book does not address at all the realities of the effects of do drugss and alcohol use on college campuses. Living with the student s, Moffat did not want to report on issues of substance abuse as he was concerned about the bleakness of his subjects if they felt that he was potentially a narc.This dimension however is so important to the living experiences of college students that a obvious hole is the result. Anyone familiar with college living provide notice the missing piece of information, specially for those who lived in college dorms during the 19070s and 1980s when drug and alcohol use was so much less regulated than it is todayThe relationship between substance use and sexual activity would have been interesting to note. The issue of traumatic sexual experiences and events linked to alcohol use would likely have been linked. A study today of sexuality on campus, looking at he issue of substance abuse as well as the increased awareness of sexually transmitted diseases would be very interesting to compare to Moffats original study. peerless would expect that the outcome would be correspondent to the original study in terms of understanding the relationships between values, morals, family environments and sexuality.